Guitars come in two main types: acoustic and electric. Acoustic guitars produce sound purely through their hollow bodies, making them portable and ready to play anywhere. Electric guitars require an amplifier to be heard but offer easier playability due to lighter strings and thinner necks. For absolute beginners, an acoustic is often recommended because it builds finger strength and you only need the guitar itself. However, if you dream of playing rock or blues, an electric might be more inspiring.
Within each type, there are body shapes (dreadnought, concert, stratocaster, les paul) that affect comfort and tone. Beginners are best off with a standard dreadnought or concert acoustic, and a Stratocaster or telecaster-style electric. These are versatile, widely available, and have a wealth of learning resources.
'Beginner-friendly' means the guitar is set up well from the factory: strings low without buzzing, neck relief correct, and intonation accurate. Many affordable guitars now come with decent setups, especially from Yamaha, Fender Squier, and Epiphone. Avoid no-name brands or super cheap bundles that may have sharp fret ends and poor construction.
Your first guitar doesn't have to be expensive. A $150-300 guitar from a reputable brand will serve you well for years. Focus on how the guitar feels when you hold it and press down the strings. If possible, try before buying; otherwise, rely on reputable retailers with good return policies.